Legalised rhino horn trade to curb poaching – SAHGCA
The demand for rhino horn in the international market is steadily increasing, which speaks to the need for its trade to be legalised, argues South African Hunters and Game Conservation Association (SAHGCA) manager for hunting and conservation Dr Herman Els.
Environmental Affairs Minister Edna Molewa echoed this view when she advocated the legalising of rhino horn trade, which reflects government’s goal of reducing rhino poaching, during a media briefing in March.
Rhino horn sales have been banned for more than 30 years under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora initiative.
Until 2010, about 10 to 12 rhino were poached a year. From 2010, however, the number drastically increased to 333 by 2011, 485 in 2012, and is set to reach close to the 1 000 mark by end-2013, Els tells Creamer Media’s Polity.
Also, more Asians, the continent that is home to the biggest demand for rhino horn, are entering Africa, which creates avenues for traders to exploit markets in Asia, he adds.
Rhino horn has become a status symbol in some Asian countries, where people are known to pay more than $1-million for a rhino horn.
“The moment you start forcing down the black-market price, there is little reason for people to continue poaching at the rate which the current numbers indicate. Poaching will never stop, but it can be limited,” Els believes.
He proposes that auctions be held for legal rhino horn, allowing buyers the option of purchasing the horn at a more affordablee price, which could compete with black-market prices, therefore, reduce poaching activities.
Rhino horn to the value of R3.5-billion are currently stored in South Africa, meaning that no rhino would have to be killed for at least three authorised and properly managed auctions a year to take place.
A DNA certificate would be issued for each horn sold at the proposed auctions to ensure the sale is legal, Els explains.
He stresses that it is crucial for South Africa to create an avenue for the legal trade of rhino horn, as the demand for rhino horn is growing.
“South Africa has to take part in international negotiations with countries importing rhino horn within the black-market system,” Els emphasises.
“South Africa cannot expect Asians to stop using rhino horn for traditional purposes, as it is part of their cultural value system, which has existed for more than 5 000 years. However, a satisfactory solution for all parties involved in rhino trade could be implemented,” he explains.
The supply of horn could be sourced from the 200 to 350 rhino dying of natural causes in South Africa each year. These horns form part of the national stock-pile, which South Africa could use to sell rhino horn on the international market in a controlled manner. This will decrease the high black market price for horn, and thus decrease the high price poachers can get for a set of rhino horn. says Els.
Corruption
The sudden increase in rhino poaching can be traced to the high price paid for rhino horn on the black market. Prices currently average between $ 65 000 and $75 000 per kilogram on the black market. “These figures explain why poachers can be paid between R250 000 to R350 000 for a set of rhino horn poached in Kruger National Park. Obviously, the money involved contributes greatly to corruption,” notes ELs.
“While there are adequate laws to prohibit rhino poaching, the problem lies with the policing and implementation of the laws. Much fraud is being committed by government officials with regard to rhino horn and, in some cases, by private rhino owners),” he adds.
Many cases of rhino being registered with environmental personnel and or the police, only to result in robberies at the premises where the rhinos are held shortly thereafter, have been reported.
“Laws and proclamations are not the issue when it comes to endangered species,” he stresses, adding that, while media emphasis is mostly on rhino horn trade, there is a steady increase in the age old demand for tiger and lion body parts, as well as ivory, in Asian markets.
“The international trade in these animals cannot be stopped and, therefore, we need to find initiatives where trade is legally sanctioned and regulated,” Els points out.
He notes that economic value has to be attached to natural resources to ensure their survival.
Edited by: Shannon de Ryhove