200 different Animals for a Non-birder on a Winter Trip?

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Toko
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15. Springbok

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Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis

Image
Pilanesberg, 15 August 2014

Rams may weigh up to 50 Kg, and ewes only up to 37 Kg. Their striking body colour renders them easily recognizable. Shoulders appear lower than the hindquarters. Cinnamon coloured upper body, white underparts and a broad dark brown stripe on either flank stretching from the front legs to the rear legs. The short white tail is brown tufted. The rump is marked by a triangular-shaped white patch, framed by a dark brown stripe with the apex on the top of the hindquarters. Horns of ewes are more slender and shorter than those of rams.

Springboks are selective feeders, whose diet comprises the best fodder available at any given time. They browse in the dry season and predominantly graze after the rainy season when grasses spout green. They are fond of flowers such as of Acacia, and drink water readily, but when open water is scarce, water requirements are met by eating moisture-rich tubers and roots.
Mating is normally restricted to a one or two week rut, although this specie is capable to breed at any time of the year. After a gestation period of 25 weeks single lambs are born. Lambs are hidden for the first two days after birth. Most ewes breed every year, some even twice. Young are weaned at about four months and ewes become sexually mature at the age of seven months.
Only rams establish territories for mating opportunities. The exception is territorial rams, which prefer to live in the solitude of their territories. Herd composition is flexible.

Historically, the Springbok's range covered the central and western regions of southern Africa, with a marginal extension into southwestern Angola. The species still occurs very widely within its historical range, but in Angola it survives in greatly reduced numbers.
In South Africa, the Springbok was exterminated over much of its natural range during the course of the late 1800s as a result of hunting and the effects of rinderpest. However, it has subsequently been reintroduced widely to private land and protected areas throughout its former range. The largest numbers occur on private game farms, mainly in the highveld of the Free State and Gauteng provinces and the Karoo and Kalahari thornveld of the Western, Eastern and Northern Cape provinces.
Smaller, introduced populations occur widely in extralimital areas, e.g., on private land and provincial reserves in parts of KwaZulu-Natal and the northern bushveld.

The Springbok formerly occurred in huge numbers in the dry grasslands, bushland and shrubland of south-western and southern Africa, migrating sporadically in vast herds (treckbokken) in some of the southern parts of its range. These migrations or treks no longer occur, but some indication of the species’ former abundance can still be seen in seasonal concentrations on the areas of short vegetation which it prefers, e.g., in parts of the section of the Kalahari which lies in central and southern Botswana. Springbok are primarily browsers, but do also take grass, favouring young succulent grass before it begins to lignify.


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16. Nyala

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Nyala Tragelaphus angasii

Image
uMkhuze, kuMahlahla Hide, 1 September 2014

Image
Hlane Royal National Park, Swaziland, 30 August 2014

Body Length: 135-195 cm
Shoulder Height: 80-120 cm
Tail Length: 40-55 cm
Weight: 55-140 kg
There is extreme sexual dimorphism, with the two sexes looking entirely different. Both sexes have a white chevron between the eyes, and the bushy tail is white on the underside. The short-haired, rufous-chestnut coat of females and immature males has 10 or more vertical white stripes on the sides. There are white spots on the face, throat, flanks, and thighs. There are no horns on females, and there is no mane on the neck. The males are larger than females, and have a shaggy dark brown to charcoal grey coat, often with a bluish tinge. The length of this coat generally obscures the torso stripes. There are fewer and less conspicuous markings than on the female, but there is a bold erectile white dorsal crest. The lower legs are tawny. The yellow-tipped horns have 1-1.5 twists, and grow 60-83 cm inches long.

Gestation Period: 7 months
Young per Birth: 1
Weaning: After 6 months
Sexual Maturity: Females at 11-12 months, males at 18 months [although they are not socially mature until 5 years of age].
Life span: Up to 16 years.
Breeding is most frequent in the spring and autumn, with births occurring in the following autumn and spring. Calves are left alone after birth, lying still in the grass to avoid detection by predators. The mother returns to her calf to nurse throughout this three week period.

Nyala are very shy, and are very cautious when approaching open spaces. Most sightings of wild nyala are at water holes. They are most active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in thick brush during the hottest times of the day. The alarm call is a sharp, dog-like bark. Individual nyala home ranges average 0.65 square kilometers for males and 0.83 kilometers for females. These individual areas overlap extensively, and there is no indication of territoriality.
Family group: Single sex and mixed troops of 2-10 individuals, old bulls solitary.
Diet: Leaves, fruits, and grasses.
Main Predators: Leopard, lion, wild dog.

The Nyala's natural range comprises south-eastern Africa from the Lower Shire Valley in Malawi through Mozambique and Zimbabwe to eastern South Africa and Swaziland.
Nyala prefer an inhabitant of dense thickets, forest, and open-thicket woodland mosaic, generally near water. Nyala feed selectively on both the leaves and fruits of woody plants as well as grasses; although they drink daily where water is available, in parts of their range in Mozambique and Zimbabwe they are found where no surface water is present for several months of the year.


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17. Impala

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Impala Tragelaphus angasii

Image
Tembe Elephant Park, 4 September

Image
Hlane Royal National Park, Swaziland, 31 August 2014

Body Length: 120-160 cm
Shoulder Height: 75-95 cm
Tail Length: 30-45 cm
Weight: 40-80 kg
The short, glossy coat has a reddish saddle over a light tan torso. The undersides are white, as are the rings around the eyes. The muzzle and chin are lighter in colour. There are black markings on the ear tips and three black stripes on the rump: two on the flanks and one down the tail. There are tufts of dark hair above the rear hoofs which give the impala its specific name. The lyre-shaped horns, found only in males, are "S"-shaped and slender. With strong ridges, they grow 45-92 cm long.

Gestation Period: 6.5-7 months.
Young per Birth: 1
Weaning: After 4-6 months.
Sexual Maturity: Females at 1 year, males at 1.5 years.
Life span: Up to 15 years.
Two birthing peaks occur - one in spring and one in autumn. After birth, kids lie concealed away from their mother, subsequently joining a 'kindergarten' group with other animals of the same age.

The impala is active throughout the 24-hour day, alternating resting and grazing, and drinking at least once a day. Herds have a home range of about 2-6 square kilometers. About 1/3 of adult males hold territories, which vary in size from 0.2-0.9 square kilometers. These territories are marked with urine and feces, and are defended against the intrusion of rival males. The owner of the territory attempts to control any female herds which wander into it. Prodigious leaps are the most well known feature of the impala's movement. Executed seemingly without effort, these jumps may span over 9 m and may be 2.5 m high - often over bushes and even other impala. Unlike many other plains grazers, the impala flees into dense vegetation rather than out into the open grassland. During the breeding season, males make a hoarse grunting sound.
Family group: Males in herds of about 30, females and young in herds of up to 200.
Diet: Grasses, leaves, blossoms, fruit.
Main Predators: Lion, leopard, wild dog, spotted hyena, crocodile, python.

The Impala formerly occurred widely in southern and East Africa, from central and southern Kenya and north-east Uganda to northern KwaZulu-Natal, west to Namibia and southern Angola. Their current distribution range remains largely unchanged from their historical range, although it has been eliminated from parts by hunting for meat and the spread of settlement.
The Impala is a water-dependent and typical ecotone species, associated with light woodlands and savannas, selecting open Acacia savannas with nutrient-rich soils providing good-quality grass, and high-quality browse in the dry season.


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18. Roan

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Roan Hippotragus equinus

Image
Kruger National Park, 24 August 2014

Body Length: 220-265 cm
Shoulder Height: 140-160 cm
Tail Length: 60-70 cm
Weight: 225-300 kg
The upper body is grizzled grey to roan in colour with the legs darker. The underparts are white. On the face there is a black/brown and white facial mask, slightly lighter in females, that consists of a white spot on either side of the eye and a white muzzle. On the neck and withers is an erect, dark-tipped mane, while a light 'beard' is present on the throat. A long tuft of dark hair is present on the tips of the ears. The arched, ringed horns are found in both sexes, though slightly smaller in females, grow 60-100 cm long.

Gestation Period: 268-280 days.
Young per Birth: 1
Weaning: 4-6 months.
Sexual Maturity: At 2.5-3 years.
Life span: Up to 17 years.
There does not appear to be a specific breeding season for this species. Females become sexually receptive within three weeks of giving birth, and are capable of reproducing every 10-10.5 months. A pregnant female will separate from her herd prior to giving birth, and remain with her new calf for about five days afterwards. After the female has rejoined the herd, the young calf remains concealed for five more weeks, subsequently joining a 'creche' with other youngsters in the herd.

Roan antelope are usually most active in the morning, late afternoon, and evening. Roan antelope are relatively unwary, running away from a potential source of danger for a short distance, then stopping to look back. However, when pressured, they can run up to 57 kilometers per hour for considerable distances. If cornered, these antelope are formidable opponents, charging and brandishing their horns with skill. Roan antelope never move far from water (~4 kilometers at most), and overall have localized movements, using 200-400 hectares at any given time, with a home range no more than 10,000 hectares throughout the year. Neighbouring herds rarely share territory. Female herds are accompanied by a single adult male, who defends a wide swath (300-500 meters) around his herd against potnential rivals. Young males are driven from their natal herds when they reach 2.5 years of age. Fighting for dominance is prevalent among both males and females, with the most dominant initiating herd movements. Fights occur with both animals on their "knees" (carpal joints) and are almost exclusively horn against horn.
Family group: Harem groups with a single dominant male with 6-15, rarely up to 35, animals. Males associate in bachelor herds of 2-5 animals.
Diet: Medium high grasses, rarely leaves.
Main Predators: Lion, leopard, spotted hyena, wild dog.

The Roan Antelope formerly occurred very widely in the savanna woodlands and grasslands of sub-Saharan Africa, but has been eliminated from large parts of its former range. Remarkably, the species remains locally common in West and Central Africa, while in East and southern Africa, the traditional antelope strongholds, the species is now very rare.
Roan prefer savannah woodlands and grasslands, and the bushveld and lowveld of southern Africa, with the cover of high grasses and woody plants playing an important role for both grazing and calving. A water-dependent grazer/browser.


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19. Blue Wildebeest

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Blue Wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus taurinus

Image
Pilanesberg, 14 August 2014

Body Length: 170-240 cm
Shoulder Height: 115-145 cm
Tail Length: 60-100 cm
Weight: 140-290 kg
Adult coloration is extremely variable, from a deep slate or bluish gray, through light gray to a brown-grey. The underparts are slightly darker than the main coat. Dark brown, vertical bands mark the neck and forequarters, and from a distance may seem to be wrinkles in the skin. Young are born tawny brown, and begin to their adult coloration at 2 months of age. There is a slight hump above the shoulders, with a slight slope in the body towards the rear. The front of the convex face is covered with bristly black hair. The long, horse-like tail is black, as is the mane which extends from the horns, over the nape to the shoulders. A black flowing 'beard' is present in both sexes, and appears almost like a dewlap. Both sexes have horns, which are very similar in form to those of a female Cape Buffalo in that they are slightly broadened at the base and without ridges. Extending outwards to the side and then curving up and slightly inwards, they may grow 30-40 cm in females, while in males they may be up to 83 cm long along their curve.

Gestation Period: 8-8.5 months.
Young per Birth: 1
Weaning: After about 4 months, although some suckling may occur until 1 year of age.
Sexual Maturity: Females at 1.5-2.5 years, males at 3-4 years.
Life span: Up to 20 years.
Births are extremely seasonal, with all births occuring in a period of 2-3 weeks before the rains. This flood of youngsters prevents predators from decimating the new population, as they might if births were spread out over a longer period of time. A young wildebeest can stand just 15 minutes after birth, and can follow its mother shortly thereafter.
Ecology and Behavior

Activity in the brindled gnu is concentrated in the morning and late afternoon, with the hot middle hours of the day being spent resting. Despite their awkward appearance, brindled gnu are extremely agile. When alarmed, they will prance about, waving their tails and pawing the ground. If a potential threat approaches close enough, they will run for a short distance then turn back to reassess the situation, repeating the situation as needed. When pressed they have been clocked running over 80 kmph. While the large, mixed migratory herds receive much attention, with thousands of animals making long treks, sedentary herds are also found, with a home range of about 1 square kilometer. Adult males are territorial, and may occupy their territories for a few weeks or for the entire year. Size of territory varies from about 2.5-4 acres, and the boundaries are marked with dung heaps, preorbital gland secretions, and the pawing of the earth. The average distance between these males averages 100-140 m, although this may vary from 9-1,600 m depending on the idealness of the habitat. Competition between males is comprised of displays, loud grunting calls, and shoving with the horns, although rarely are these serious fights. Only males with a territory may mate. Unusual for most bovids, with the exception of cattle, wildebeest enjoy rolling in sand and dirt. When possible, brindled gnu will drink twice daily.
Family group: Females and young in groups of 10-1,000 animals. Young males (under 3 years of age) form small bachelor groups, while mature males are generally solitary.
Diet: Grasses.
Main Predators: Lion, spotted hyena, wild dog, leopard, cheetah, crocodile.

Blue Wildebeest are found in Namibia and South Africa to Mozambique north of the Orange River, and from Mozambique to Zambia south of the Zambezi River, and from south-west Zambia to south-east and southern Angola.
This species occurs in short-grass plains, and bordering Acacia savanna open bushland and woodland in drier areas. Wildebeest are pure grazers, requiring water at least every day or two in the dry season.


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Re: 200 different Animals for a Non-birder on a Winter Trip?

Post by Lisbeth »

Hey toko! Is this a vitual trip with the animals that you have seen over the years or is it a specific trip that you did last year? :-?


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Toko
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Re: 200 different Animals for a Non-birder on a Winter Trip?

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Lis, all the animals here are from my August/September 2014 trip :-)

I am not a big fan of sitting on the same stoep and driving the same roads every day, rather try to get around and see more different habitat and landscapes which comes with more diversity.
Honestly I can not relate to our wonderful greenies who stay in KTP for more than 7 days and see the same animals and landscapes every day lol I think they get so bored that they invent crazy pass times, such as identifying cheetah =O:


I think, I am done with antelope :-?

I have seen Oryx and Mountain reedbuck in Mapungubwe, but don't have the photos on my laptop (there are still two memory cards missing :O^ ). Will search if I am short on species to reach the target of 200 species. =O:

Next couple of photos are dedicated to my favourite birds O:V O:V O:V

And I consider the trip as one of the bestest ever in terms of Tokos ond Bukos. Not often that you get all of them in one trip O\/ O\/ O\/ O\/


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Re: 200 different Animals for a Non-birder on a Winter Trip?

Post by Lisbeth »

I thought that it was a non birder trip? O** but they count all the same, I suppose ;-)


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Re: 200 different Animals for a Non-birder on a Winter Trip?

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A non birder trip is if you don't search for birds, and just see what hops accross are flies past O:V And birds are as good as any other animals :yes:


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20. Crowned Toko

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Crowned Hornbill Lophoceros alboterminatus

All Tokos are wonderful creatures, but I have a special love for Crowned Tokos, they have the most beautiful bills of all Tokos. 0/0

Image
Tembe Elephant Park, 4 September 2014

Identification: Size medium to large (length 50-54 cm); bill casqued (no other red-billed hornbills have casque); vertical creamy yellow line at base of bill diagnostic; mainly sooty black; belly and tips of outer rectrices white; head greyish, streaked white on nape. Iris yellow; skin around eye dark brown to black; bill red to red-brown, basal band creamy yellow; gular skin (♂) black, (♀) yellow, greenish to blue-green; legs and feet blackish, soles whitish.
Immature: Lacks casque, bill yellow; no white on outer rectrices; eye grey.

Distribution: South Africa to NE Africa; in South Africa confined to KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and marginally in the Western Cape.

Habitats: Dense dry thorn thicket in lowland savanna, dense woodland, forest edge.

Habits: Usually in groups of 2-5 birds; rarely in flocks of up to 50. Flight slow but agile with pronounced dip after every few wingbeats; twists or tumbles just before alighting. Forages mainly in trees; hawks insects in flight; nibbles food with billtip before swallowing. Hops on ground. Roosts communally on slender branches exposed from above. Pairs probably mate for life.

Food: Mainly fruit; also insects, diplopods, chameleons, small birds, seeds.

Breeding: Season: October to January in Zimbabwe; October-November in South Africa. Nest: Hole in tree or rock face; 2-14 m above ground; entrance sealed to form vertical slit. Clutch: 2-5, usually 3-4 eggs. Incubation: 25-30 days by ♀ only. Nestling: 50-53 days; nestlings remain 23-34 days after ♀ leaves nest, plastering entrance again unaided; young remain in parental territory for 6-8 months.


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